Recursion

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Recursion is a programming technique that involves a function calling itself repeatedly until it reaches a base case or condition. In simple terms, it is a process in which a function calls itself as a subroutine to solve a particular problem. Recursion is used in many programming languages and is particularly useful in solving problems that can be broken down into smaller sub-problems.

The basic idea behind recursion is to break a problem into smaller sub-problems and solve each sub-problem by applying the same function recursively until a base case is reached. The base case is a condition that stops the recursive calls and returns a value to the previous level of the recursion. Recursion can be used to solve many problems, such as computing factorials, Fibonacci series, sorting algorithms, and tree traversals.

However, it's important to note that recursion can be memory-intensive and may lead to stack overflow errors if not implemented correctly. Therefore, it's important to carefully design the base case and termination condition to ensure that the function does not continue to call itself indefinitely.