Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide (TiO2). It is a common accessory mineral in metamorphic rocks, particularly in high-grade schists and gneisses, as well as in some granites and pegmatites. Rutile has a high refractive index, which makes it useful as a gemstone and as a source of titanium metal. It also has a number of industrial uses, such as in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments, welding rods, and electrical components. Rutile is typically reddish-brown or black in color, but can also be yellow, green, or clear. It has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale and a specific gravity of 4.2 to 4.3.
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